martes, 14 de enero de 2025

Unit 3: We keep the air clean

 ๐Ÿ’—Unit : WE KEEP THE AIR CLEAN๐Ÿ˜บ


Vocabulary

1. Atmosphere                                   11. Weather station
2. Stratosphere                                  12. Rain gauge
3. Troposphere                                  13. Thermometer
4. Pollution                                       14. Anemometer
5. Recycle                                         15. Weather vane
6. Atmospheric phenomena
7. Hail
8. Breezes
9. Water cycle
10.  Water vapour

1 What is the atmosphere like?

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.: 
 - It filters harmful rays from the Sun. 
 - It keeps the temperature perfect for life on the planet.
 - It contains the air that living things need to stay alive. 



 Interactive activity here

You can do this activity to review:








Air pollution 

Living things need to breathe clean air. Many human activities release harmful gases into the atmosphere. This causes air pollution. 



2. What are atmospheric phenomena?

Clouds are made of tiny water droplets. Clouds are different in size, shape and colour.
Precipitation is water that falls from the clouds to Earth. Rain is liquid water. Hail and snow are solid water
Storms are extreme phenomena with strong winds and heavy rain. There can be thunder and lightning.
Wind is moving air. Winds range from light breezes to devastating hurricanes.


Why does it rain? Precipitation is caused by the water cycle.







Activity here


3. What is weather?


- Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place

- Measuring the weather Weather stations contain various instruments to measure and record the weather. 

- They are located in different places.






You can do this activity to review:




weather maps:

Meteorologists study the atmosphere and atmospheric phenomena. They collect data from weather satellites that orbit the Earth and weather stations. They display this information on weather maps













weather activity here 

weather activity 2 here 

4. how does the weather change with the seasons?


There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The length of the days, the temperatures and the amount of precipitation change depending on the season














jueves, 9 de enero de 2025

Unit 2. We look after water.

๐ŸŒ„ Unit 2: We look after water ๐ŸŒ‰


Vocabulary:

1. Salt water                                                              10. Upper course
2. Fresh water                                                            11. Middle course
3. Waves                                                                    12. Lower course
4. Tides                                                                      13. Meanders
5. Marine pollution                                                    14. Source
6. Tributary                                                                15. Aquifer
7. Channel                                                                  16. Filtration
8. Flow
9. Reservoirs


1.) What  are the oceans and seas like?

 Oceans and seas are large bodies of salt water. Oceans and seas are in constant motion caused by waves and tides.

a) Waves

b) Tides


Benefits from oceans and seas.

People obtain many benefits from oceans and seas.
1. We obtain food by fishing.
2. We extract products like salt.
3. We extract petroleum.
4. We transport people and goods by sea.
5. We obtain energy.
6. We do many leisure activities in seas, like snorkelling.

2.) What  are rivers like?



 A river is a large, flowing body of fresh water

A tributary is a river that flows into a large river

Channel: area of land that contains the flowing water of a river. 
It chages in size as a river flows downhill. 
Flow: amount of water that a river carries. It changes with the seasons.

 How does a river flow?

Rivers have different length, speed, flow and flow regime.


Where is the river mouth?

The course of a river is its path from the source to the river mouth. There are thre courses: upper, middle and lower.


Benefits from rivers.

People obtain many benefits from rivers.
1. Reservoirs.
2. Transport of people and goods.
3. Leisure activities (canoeing, swimming, diving and observing wildlife).


3. The course of a river.




4. Where else can we find fresh water on Earth?






Water pollution.


STUDY THE RIVER'S MAP FROM YOUR NOTEBOOK'S PHOTOCOPY. 



viernes, 13 de septiembre de 2024

Unit 1: we protect landscapes

 

We protect landscapes




What is the Earth like? 


There are three main colours on the Earth's surface: blue, green and brown. 


               blue = oceans 

                       brown = land

                 green = vegetation 







oceans:




                                  continents:

remember ! In the united states they say there are 7 continents, we say that there are 6.







What are mountain landscapes like?


- A mountain is a very high area of land with steep slopes. 
- A mountain range is a group of mountains that are close together. 
- A valley is an area of low land between mountains. Narrow rivers often flow through mountain valleys







What are flat landscapes like?




What are coastal landscapes like?











EXERCISES TO REVIEW-  SOLUTIONS 
PAGE 20 (2) 


PAGE 21 (4) 





To practise:









sรกbado, 3 de junio de 2023

unit 6: We learn from the past

 unit 6: We learn from the past


 

1. How do we change over time?

People change over time. 

We divide time into the past, the present and the future.

 How do we measure time?

 


 

 

What is our personal history?


Our personal history consists of all the events in our lives.

We know about these events by looking at historical sources 

- old photos and videos
- objects that we used in the past

- stories that our family and friends tell us
 

How do we represent our history? 

 A timeline shows past events in order


 

 

 

2. What was the past like?

The first human beings lived many thousands of years ago.

 They lived in groups or tribes


 
A thousand years ago, most people worked in the country. 

 They cultivated crops 


 

3. How do places change over time?   

Around 200 years ago, people built the first large factories.
In the factories there were many workers


 


4.How can we find out about the past? 

UNit 5: We promote equality at work

WE PROMOTE EQUALITY AT WORK



PROJECT: INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER ABOUT THEIR JOB.

Social Science Project – My Family Member’s Job

Objective:
You will interview a member of your family about their job. Then, you will write the information you collected on an A4 paper or cardboard. You should also include a drawing or a photo that shows the job or the workplace.

What to do:

  1. Choose a family member (it can be a parent, grandparent, aunt, uncle, etc.).

  2. Ask them the following questions and write down their answers.

  3. Use the answers to create a short text in English.

  4. Decorate your page with a drawing or photo of them at work!

Interview Questions:

  • Do you work in nature, in manufacturing, or in services?

  • What is your job? 

  • Who is your employer?

  • Where is your workplace?

  • What are your working hours each week?

Final product:
✍️ Write a small paragraph with the information.
๐ŸŽจ Add a photo or a drawing about the job.
๐Ÿ“„ Present it on a decorated A4 sheet or cardboard.


HERE'S AN EXAMPLE:

๐Ÿ‘จ‍๐Ÿ”ง My Uncle’s Job

My uncle works in services. He is a mechanic and he fixes cars and motorbikes. He works for a small garage in our town. His workplace is a big workshop with lots of tools and machines.
He works 40 hours every week, from Monday to Friday. He likes his job because he enjoys helping people and solving problems.

๐Ÿ–ผ️ (Include a drawing or a photo of the garage or a car being fixed)






1. Where do people work?




JOBS IN NATURE: These jobs obtain raw materials directly from nature







JOBS IN MANUFACTURING: These jobs transform raw materials into manufactured products








JOBS IN SERVICES:  These jobs provide services to other people.







- What is fishing?

Fishing is the catching of fish and other aquatic animals in the sea, lakes and rivers. Areas of the sea where there are many fish are called fishing grounds.




- What is farming? 



๐Ÿ„๐Ÿ‘ Livestock Farming ๐Ÿ–๐Ÿ“

Livestock farming is the raising of animals to get milk, meat, eggs, and wool.


๐Ÿž️ Types of Livestock Farming

๐ŸŒฟ Extensive Farming

  • ๐Ÿ The animals live in the open (fields or meadows).

  • ๐ŸŒฑ They eat grass or grain.

๐Ÿ  Intensive Farming

  • ๐Ÿ„ The animals live in pens or barns (inside buildings).

  • ๐Ÿฅฃ They eat hay or dry feed.


๐Ÿพ Animals on a Farm

๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐ŸŒพ Farmers raise different types of animals:

Animal GroupAdultsBabies
๐Ÿ‘ Sheepsheep๐Ÿผ lamb
๐Ÿ„ Cattlecow๐Ÿผ calf
๐Ÿ” Poultryhen (♀), cock (♂)๐Ÿฅš chicks (not shown here)
๐Ÿ– Pigspig๐Ÿผ piglet

❤️ Animal Welfare

๐Ÿ‘จ‍⚕️ Farmers care about animal welfare.
They:

  • ๐Ÿฝ️ Feed the animals

  • ๐Ÿก Give them shelter

  • ๐Ÿฉบ Call a vet to make sure they are healthy



Primary sector video


- What are manufacturing jobs?




๐Ÿญ What are Manufacturing Jobs?

Workers in factories transform raw materials into manufactured products.
This process is called the industrial process.

๐Ÿ‘œ For example:

  • Raw material: ๐Ÿงต cotton

  • Manufactured product: ๐Ÿ‘œ a bag


๐Ÿค” Think About It!

  • What other raw materials do we get from nature? ๐ŸŒพ⛏️๐ŸŒณ

  • What products can we make with them? ๐Ÿงƒ๐Ÿ‘š๐Ÿบ


๐Ÿ”ง What Is the Industrial Process Like?

In big factories, workers do different jobs.
They use machines, check product quality, and pack items.

Let’s see the Glass Recycling Process! ๐Ÿพ๐Ÿ”


๐Ÿงฑ Step by Step:

1️⃣ RAW MATERIAL
๐Ÿ‘ท‍♂️ Workers prepare the raw material: ♻️ recycled glass

2️⃣ INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
๐Ÿ”ฅ Factory workers melt the glass in huge furnaces until it becomes liquid.

3️⃣ MOULDING
๐Ÿงช Machines pour the liquid glass into moulds in the shape of bottles. ๐Ÿงด

4️⃣ PACKAGING AND DISTRIBUTION
๐Ÿ“ฆ Workers pack the bottles in boxes. ๐Ÿšš Drivers take them to other factories, like a drinks factory!


๐Ÿ“˜ Word Bank

  • ๐Ÿญ factory

  • ๐Ÿงต raw material

  • ๐Ÿ‘œ manufactured product



๐Ÿญ Types of Manufacturing Industries

There are two types of manufacturing industries.
They make different kinds of products. Let’s see! ๐Ÿ‘€


๐Ÿ› ️ 1. Basic Industries

These industries transform raw materials into materials we use to make other things.

๐Ÿ”ง They produce:

  • ๐Ÿฅ– Flour

  • ๐Ÿงต Fabrics

  • ♻️ Plastics

  • ๐Ÿ”ฉ Steel

๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿญ Example: A worker melting metal to make steel.


๐Ÿ‘š๐Ÿš— 2. Consumer Goods Industries

These industries make products to sell to people (customers).

๐Ÿ›️ They produce:

  • ๐Ÿ‘— Clothes

  • ๐Ÿš™ Cars

  • ๐Ÿ“ฑ Electronics

๐Ÿง‘‍๐Ÿ”ง Example: A worker assembling a car in a factory.


๐ŸŒŸ In short:

  • Basic Industries = Make materials ๐Ÿงฑ

  • Consumer Goods Industries = Make things we use every day ๐Ÿงด๐Ÿ‘Ÿ๐Ÿšด






-What are services?


๐Ÿ™‹‍♂️๐Ÿ™‹‍♀️ What Are Services?

Services are jobs where people help or assist others.
There are many types of services we use every day! ๐Ÿง ๐Ÿ’ผ๐Ÿš‘


๐Ÿ’ผ Types of Services

๐Ÿง‘‍⚕️ Health Services
Doctors and nurses take care of our health. ๐Ÿฅ

๐Ÿ—ž️ Media
Journalists share news and information on TV, radio or online. ๐ŸŽค

๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿซ Educational Services
Teachers help us learn new things at school! ๐Ÿ“š✏️

๐ŸŽป Cultural Services
Musicians, artists, and performers create and share culture. ๐ŸŽญ๐ŸŽจ

๐Ÿ’ป Information Technology (IT)
People who work with computers and fix tech problems. ๐Ÿ–ฅ️๐Ÿ”ง

๐Ÿš’ Emergency Services
Firefighters, police, and paramedics help in dangerous situations. ๐Ÿš“๐Ÿšจ

๐Ÿ”ฌ Research & Development (R&D)
Scientists and researchers discover new things. ๐Ÿ”๐Ÿงช

๐Ÿงผ Cleaning Services
Workers keep our spaces clean and safe. ๐Ÿงน๐Ÿงฝ


๐Ÿค” THINK ABOUT IT!

  • What services do you use every day?

  • Can you name another job in services?


๐Ÿ“˜ Word Bank

  • service

  • trade

  • transport


๐Ÿ’ฐ๐Ÿ›’ Trade, Transport & Tourism


๐Ÿ›️ TRADE OR COMMERCE

Trade is the buying and selling of products and services in shops or online.
๐Ÿ›’ Trade on the internet is called e-commerce.

๐Ÿ‘จ‍๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿ‘ง‍๐Ÿ‘ฆ The customer buys the product.
๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿ’ผ The shop assistant sells it.
๐Ÿ’ณ The customer pays with cash or card.


๐Ÿš—๐Ÿšข✈️ TRANSPORT

Transport services move people and goods from one place to another.
Examples of means of transport:

  • ๐ŸšŒ Buses

  • ๐Ÿš• Taxis

  • ๐Ÿš‡ Trains

  • ๐Ÿšข Ferries

  • ✈️ Aeroplanes

๐Ÿ›ฃ️ All of them need infrastructure to work:
roads, ports, airports, and train lines.


๐Ÿ–️ ๐Ÿจ TOURISM

Tourists visit places on holiday. ๐ŸŒ
Many people work in the tourism industry.

๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿ’ผ A hotel receptionist helps and attends to tourists in hotels.